Premature ovarian failure (POF), also known as primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), is a disorder in which the ovaries stop functioning normally before age 40. This results in infertility and early menopause.
The exact causes of POF are often unknown, but potential factors include:
- Genetic abnormalities like chromosomal disorders or gene mutations
- Autoimmune disorders where the body attacks the ovaries
- Cancer treatment with radiation or chemotherapy
- Infections like mumps or tuberculosis that affect the ovaries
Some key signs and symptoms of POF include:
- Irregular periods or missed periods
- Hot flashes and night sweats from low estrogen
- Infertility due to lack of ovulation
- Vaginal dryness and pain during intercourse
POF is usually diagnosed with blood tests for hormones like
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and
anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH). Pelvic ultrasounds may also be used.
Unfortunately there is no cure for POF, but management focuses on relieving symptoms.
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogen/progestin can help. Lifestyle changes like proper sleep and nutrition, along with emotional support, are also important.
For younger women who want to get pregnant,
in vitro fertilization (IVF) using donor eggs may be an option. Adoption is also possibility for starting a family.